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Angel Island Immigration Station
From 1910–1940, Angel Island was an immigration station where immigrants entering the United States were detained and interrogated. The Angel Island Immigration Station, located in San Francisco Bay, California, is rich in history and has served multiple purposes. First, it served as a fishing and hunting site for Coastal Miwok Indians, then it was a haven for Spanish explorer Juan Manuel de Ayala, later it was constructed as a cattle ranch, and then served as a U.S. Army post starting with the Civil War. Most importantly, it was the island that held hundreds of thousands of immigrants, the majority from China. The detention facility was considered ideal because of its isolated location, making it very easy to control migrants, enforce the new immigration laws as well as any outbreaks of disease.〔
The station is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the title Angel Island, U.S. Immigration Station.
==History==
Angel Island Immigration Station, sometimes known as "Ellis Island of the West," began construction in 1905 in an area known as China Cove. The main difference between Ellis Island and Angel Island was that the majority of the immigrants that traveled through Angel Island were from Asian countries, such as China, Japan, and India. The facility was created to monitor the flow of Chinese immigrants entering the country after the implementation of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. The Act only allowed entrance to merchants, clergy, diplomats, teachers, and students, barring laborers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://angelisland.org/history/united-states-immigration-station-usis/ )〕 However, immigration officials were suspicious of all Asian applicants. At Ellis Island, only between one and three percent of all arriving immigrants were rejected; at Angel Island, the number was about 18 percent.〔Howard Markel and Alexandra Minna Stern, “Which Face? Whose Nation?” American Behavioral Scientist 42, no. 9 (June/July 1999): 1318; Roger Daniels, “No Lamps Were Lit for Them: Angel Island and the Historiography of Asian American Immigration,” Journal of American Ethnic History 17, no. 1 (fall 1997).〕
The Chinese were targeted due to the large influx of immigrants that were arriving to the United States. Chinese immigrants were seen as a threat because they occupied low-wage jobs, and after the economic downfall during the 1870s, Americans experienced serious unemployment problems. This resulted in increased discrimination against the Chinese, labeling them as unsuitable Americans due to their appearance and social status. After executing a series of restrictive laws prohibiting the majority of Chinese immigration, the detention center was opened in 1910. Immigrants arrived from 84 different countries, with Chinese immigrants accounting for the largest ethnic group to enter San Francisco until 1915, when Japanese immigrants outnumbered the Chinese for the first time.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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